Severity
Severe

Probability
Frequent

Rating
High

• Carpenters and joiners
• Other tradespeople working below
• Passersby near the construction site
• Supervisors or site managers
• Visitors or clients meeting on-site

Type of harm

• Head injury
• Spinal cord injury
• Fractures
• Internal injuries
• Traumatic brain injury

Controls

• Ensure proper training on working at heights
• Use guardrails or barriers on elevated work platforms
• Use fall arrest systems like harnesses
• Regular inspection and maintenance of scaffolding and ladders
• Prohibit working on unstable surfaces
• Implement a permit-to-work system for working at heights

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Major

Probability
Frequent

Rating
Medium

• Carpenters
• Joiners
• Laborers
• Site visitors
• Contractors

Type of harm

• Fractures
• Concussions
• Contusions
• Cuts and lacerations
• Traumatic brain injuries

Controls

• Wear appropriate PPE (safety boots, gloves, eye protection, etc.)
• Ensure proper training in the safe use of tools and equipment
• Maintain tools in good condition
• Implement safe work practices and procedures
• Secure workpieces properly before working on them
• Establish clear communication and supervision on-site

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Catastrophic

Probability
Frequent

Rating
High

• Carpenters and joiners
• Labourers
• Site supervisors
• Visitors to the construction site
• Cleaning staff

Type of harm

• Deep lacerations
• Severed tendons
• Nerve damage
• Infection
• Excessive bleeding

Controls

• Wear cut-resistant gloves
• Use appropriate cutting tools and techniques
• Keep tools sharp and in good condition
• Avoid distractions while using sharp tools
• Store sharp tools safely when not in use
• Provide training on safe handling and use of cutting tools

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Major

Probability
Frequent

Rating
Medium

• Carpenters and joiners
• Laborers assisting with lifting heavy materials
• Site supervisors conducting manual handling tasks
• Delivery personnel unloading construction materials
• Visitors or clients on-site assisting with moving objects

Type of harm

• Back strain
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Tendonitis
• Rotator cuff injury
• Neck strain

Controls

• Provide manual handling training
• Use mechanical aids (e.g., trolleys, hoists)
• Maintain good posture while working
• Implement job rotation to vary tasks
• Ensure work surfaces at optimal heights
• Allow for regular rest breaks

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Severe

Probability
Occasional

Rating
Medium

• Carpenters and joiners
• Other construction workers on site
• Maintenance workers
• Contractors
• Visitors to the construction site

Type of harm

• Cardiac arrest
• Burns
• Muscle contractions
• Nerve damage
• Respiratory failure

Controls

• Ensure all electrical equipment is regularly inspected and tested.
• Use Residual Current Devices (RCDs) for power tools.
• Avoid using damaged electrical leads.
• Do not overload sockets or circuits.
• Use insulated tools and equipment.
• Provide adequate training on electrical safety procedures.

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Major

Probability
Occasional

Rating
Medium

• Carpenters
• Joiners
• Laborers
• Site supervisors
• Visitors

Type of harm

• Respiratory irritation
• Occupational asthma
• Chronic bronchitis
• Silicosis
• Lung cancer

Controls

• Use of dust extraction systems
• Proper ventilation in work areas
• Respiratory protection equipment
• Regular cleaning of work areas
• Wet methods for cutting and sanding
• Training on safe handling of materials containing dust and fumes

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Major

Probability
Probable

Rating
Medium

• Carpenters and joiners
• Other construction workers on site
• Visitors or passersby near the construction site
• Supervisors or managers overseeing the work
• Maintenance or cleaning staff working in the area

Type of harm

• Hearing loss
• Tinnitus
• Stress-related illnesses
• Sleep disturbances
• High blood pressure

Controls

• Use noise-control measures such as barriers and enclosures
• Implement a hearing conservation program
• Provide workers with ear protection, such as earplugs or earmuffs
• Limit the time workers spend in noisy environments
• Conduct regular noise assessments and monitoring
• Maintain tools and equipment to minimize noise levels

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Major

Probability
Occasional

Rating
Medium

• Carpenters and joiners
• Other tradespeople working nearby
• Site visitors
• Contractors delivering materials
• Cleaning staff

Type of harm

• Sprains and strains
• Fractures
• Concussions
• Lacerations
• Back injuries

Controls

• Keep work areas clean and tidy
• Secure cables and hoses to prevent trip hazards
• Use non-slip floor coverings
• Install handrails and guardrails where necessary
• Provide sufficient lighting in work areas
• Wear appropriate footwear with good grip

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Major

Probability
Frequent

Rating
Medium

• Carpenters and joiners working on the construction site
• Other tradespeople working in the vicinity
• Site supervisors and managers
• Visitors or clients at the construction site
• Maintenance or cleaning staff in the area

Type of harm

• Head injuries
• Fractures
• Concussions
• Cuts and lacerations
• Traumatic brain injuries

Controls

• Use toe boards, guardrails, and debris nets to prevent objects from falling.
• Secure tools and materials when working at height.
• Implement exclusion zones to keep workers clear of potential falling objects.
• Store materials properly to prevent them from falling.
• Ensure all workers wear hard hats at all times.
• Conduct regular inspections of overhead work areas to identify and address potential hazards.

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low

Severity
Severe

Probability
Frequent

Rating
High

• Carpenters and joiners
• Site supervisors
• Health and safety officers
• Construction site visitors
• Maintenance workers

Type of harm

• Hand-arm vibration syndrome
• Vascular disorders
• Sensory nerve damage
• Musculoskeletal disorders
• Raynaud’s phenomenon

Controls

• Limiting daily exposure to vibration
• Providing anti-vibration tools and equipment
• Offering regular breaks to reduce vibration exposure
• Training workers on proper tool use and ergonomics
• Conducting health surveillance for early detection
• Implementing a vibration reduction program

Severity
Minor

Probability
Improbable

Rating
Low